Diphenhydramine works by blocking the effect of histamine at H1 receptor sites. This results in effects such as the reduction of smooth muscle contraction, making diphenhydramine a popular choice for treatment of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, hives, motion sickness, and insect bites and stings.
In the 1960s it was found that diphenhydramine inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. This discovery led to a search for viable antidepressants with similar structures and fewer side effects, culminating in the invention of fluoxetine (Prozac), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). A similar search had previously led to the synthesis of the first SSRI zimelidine from chlorpheniramine, also an antihistamine.
temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper
respiratory allergies:
runny nose
sneezing
itchy, watery eyes
itching of the nose or throat
temporarily relieves these symptoms due to the common cold:
runny nose
sneezing
Diphenhydramine is widely used in nonprescription sleep aids with
a maximum recommended dose of 50mg (as the hydrochloride salt) being
mandated by the FDA. In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand,
South Africa, and other countries, a 50 to 100mg recommended dose
is permitted, though in the case of New Zealand the purchaser is
required to provide the pharmacist with their name, address and
other personal identification to be later logged in a national police
data base following any purchase of over the counter medications
containing diphenhydramine such as Unisom.There are also topical
formulations of diphenhydramine available, including creams, lotions,
gels, and sprays. They are used to relieve itching, and have the
advantage of causing much less systemic effect (i.e. drowsiness)
than oral forms.
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marked drowsiness may occur
avoid alcoholic drinks
alcohol, sedatives, and tranquilizers may increase drowsiness
excitability may occur, especially in children
be careful when driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery
Overdose warning: Taking more than the recommended dose may cause liver damage. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Quick medical attention is critical for adults as well as for children even if you do not notice any signs or symptoms
with another product containing any of these active ingredients
if you are now taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor
(MAOI) (certain drugs for depression, psychiatric, or emotional
conditions, or Parkinson's disease), or for 2 weeks after stopping
the MAOI drug. If you do not know if your prescription drug contains
an MAOI, ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.
with any other product containing diphenhydramine, even one used
on skin.